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9. Gloria

The Gloria — "Glory to God in the highest" — is the great hymn of praise near the start of Mass. Here's its meaning, its origin in the angels' song at Bethlehem, and why it is dropped during Advent and Lent.

The Gloria Prayer ("Glory to God in the Highest"): Meaning and Biblical Origin

The Gloria — "Glory to God in the highest" (Gloria in excelsis Deo) — is the ancient hymn of praise sung near the beginning of Mass on Sundays and feasts. In this session of The Mass Explained, Dr. Brant Pitre shows that its opening words are the very song of the angels over Bethlehem on the night of Christ's birth: "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace…" (Luke 2:14). He traces the hymn through the tradition — how Pope St. Telesphorus is said to have added it for Christmas in the second century, how Pope St. Symmachus extended it to every Sunday, and why it is omitted during Advent and Lent (so that it returns "like a new song" at Christmas and Easter) — and unfolds its meaning as an earthly echo of the angels' worship, drawing on William Durand.

Key passages & sources examined: the angels' song at the Nativity (Luke 2:8–14); Pope St. Telesphorus and Pope St. Symmachus (Liber Pontificalis); Amalar of Metz on omitting the Gloria in Advent and Lent; and William Durand on the Gloria and the Incarnation.




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Frequently Asked Questions

Where does "Glory to God in the highest" come from in the Bible?
It is the song the angels sang over Bethlehem at Jesus' birth (Luke 2:14).

Why is the Gloria left out during Advent and Lent?
So that, like a "new song," it returns all the more joyfully at Christmas and Easter.

When is the Gloria sung?
On Sundays (outside Advent and Lent), solemnities, and feasts.

Who added the Gloria to the Mass?
Tradition credits Pope St. Telesphorus (2nd century) for Christmas and Pope St. Symmachus for Sundays.

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